Tanzania Overtakes Nigeria as Africa’s Second-Largest Maize Producer

Tanzania has officially surpassed Nigeria to become Africa’s second-largest maize producer, recording an impressive 11.7 million tonnes in the 2023/24 farming season. This marks a significant rise from the 6.4 million tonnes produced in the 2021/22 season. The Tanzanian Ministry of Agriculture attributes this surge in maize output to key agricultural reforms implemented over the past few years.

Fertiliser Subsidy Programme Spurs Growth

One of the primary drivers of Tanzania’s maize production boom is the fertiliser subsidy programme introduced in the 2022/23 season. Before the subsidy, farmers used an average of just 15 kilograms of fertiliser per acre—far below the 50 kilograms applied in leading agricultural nations like South Africa. However, fertiliser use has now increased to 24 kilograms per acre, with the government targeting 50 kilograms per acre by 2030.

The initiative has enabled farmers to improve soil fertility and boost crop yields, making Tanzania more competitive in the agricultural sector. The Ministry of Agriculture has expressed confidence that increased fertiliser adoption will sustain the country’s upward trajectory in maize production.

Mechanisation and Modern Farming Techniques

To further enhance productivity, Tanzania has been aggressively promoting agricultural mechanisation. The government has already deployed 800 tractors and power tillers to support farmers, reducing labour costs and improving efficiency. Plans are underway to introduce 10,000 additional machines by 2030.

Other government-backed initiatives, such as free soil testing, improved seed varieties, and enhanced extension services, have played a crucial role in transforming maize farming. These measures have not only increased output but have also helped farmers adopt more sustainable farming methods.

Market Stabilisation and Post-Harvest Loss Reduction

Tanzania’s National Food Reserve Agency (NFRA) has played a pivotal role in stabilising the maize market. Over the last two farming seasons, the agency has purchased 700,000 tonnes of maize—up from 200,000 tonnes three years ago. This intervention has protected farmers from volatile market prices and reduced post-harvest losses, ensuring better returns for their hard work.

The impact of these efforts is evident in local trading hubs such as the Manzete market, one of Tanzania’s largest maize trading centers. Traders report increased sales and expanded export opportunities, particularly to neighboring countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, and Mozambique.

Tanzania’s Non-GMO Approach vs. Nigeria’s GMO Push

A key distinguishing factor between Tanzania’s and Nigeria’s approach to maize production is their stance on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). While Nigeria has actively promoted the use of GMO seeds despite concerns over potential health and environmental risks, Tanzania has chosen to focus on enhancing natural farming techniques.

By prioritising fertiliser access, mechanisation, and improved seed varieties without resorting to GMOs, Tanzania has demonstrated that sustainable agricultural methods can drive high productivity. This success has further reinforced confidence in the country’s agricultural policies and their long-term benefits for food security.

Tanzania’s Future in Africa’s Grain Market

With its current growth rate, Tanzania is well-positioned to become an even bigger player in Africa’s grain market. The Ministry of Agriculture projects that maize production could reach 15 million tonnes by the 2025/26 season. If this target is achieved, Tanzania could challenge South Africa’s position as Africa’s top maize producer, with South Africa’s current annual production ranging between 13 to 15 million tonnes.

Tanzania’s agricultural transformation offers valuable lessons for other African nations seeking to boost food security and economic growth. By implementing well-structured policies, investing in modern farming techniques, and stabilising local markets, the country has demonstrated that sustainable agricultural expansion is achievable.

As Tanzania continues to expand its maize output and solidify its place in regional trade, the country’s success story is set to inspire broader agricultural reforms across Africa.